Exercise 3:
History of nursing
In fifth century BC, Hippocrates was one of the first people in the world to study healthcare, earning him the title of "the father of modern medicine". Jesus Christ also taught that sick people should be cared for; in around 370 AD, one of the first Christian hospitals in the world was built in Cappadocia. Western European concepts of nursing were first practised by male Catholic monks who provided for the sick and ill during the Dark Ages of Europe.
During 17th century Europe, nursing care was provided by men and women serving punishment. It was often associated with prostitutes and other female criminals serving time. They had a reputation for being drunk and obnoxious, a view amplified by the doctors of the time to make themselves seem more important and able. It was not until Florence Nightingale, a well-educated woman from a wealthy class family, became a nurse and improved it drastically that people began to accept nursing as a respectable profession. Other aspects also helped in the acceptance of nursing. In 1853 Theodore Fliedner set up a hospital where the nurses he employed had to be of good nature. Many people were impressed with this facility, and because of it, the British Institute of Nursing Sisters was set up.
Prior to the foundation of modern nursing, nuns and the military often provided nursing-like services. The religious and military roots of modern nursing remain in evidence today in many countries, for example in the United Kingdom, senior female nurses are known as sisters. It was during time of war that a significant development in nursing history arose when English nurse Florence Nightingale, working to improve conditions of soldiers in the Crimean War, laid the foundation stone of professional nursing with the principles summarised in the book Notes on Nursing. Other important nurses in the development of the profession include: Mary Seacole, who also worked as a nurse in the Crimea; Agnes Elizabeth Jones and Linda Richards, who established quality nursing schools in the USA and Japan, and Linda Richards who was officially America's first professionally trained nurse, graduating in 1873 from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston.
New Zealand was the first country to regulate nurses nationally, with adoption of the Nurses Registration Act on the 12 September 1901. It was here in New Zealand that Ellen Dougherty became the first registered nurse. North Carolina was the first state in the United States to pass a nursing licensure law in 1903.
Nurses have experienced difficulty with the hierarchy in medicine that has resulted in an impression that nurses' primary purpose is to follow the direction of physicians. This tendency is certainly not observed in Nightingale's Notes on Nursing, where the physicians are mentioned relatively infrequently, and often in critical tones—particularly relating to bedside manner.
The modern era has seen the development of nursing degrees and nursing has numerous journals to broaden the knowledge base of the profession. Nurses are often in key management roles within health services and hold research posts at universities.
Observe la imagen y conteste las siguientes preguntas.
1.- De acuerdo al título y la imagen, ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?
This is the nursing´s history, about the war, etc.
2.- ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?
People should be cared Jesus taught that, then is one of the reasons the why nursing born.
3.- ¿Que palabras se repiten?
Nurse, nursing, woman, Europe, was/were, military, war, foundation, university, education, USA, health, profession, medicine, etc.
4.- ¿Que palabras se parecen al español?
Europe, military, foundation, university, education, profession, medicine, history, modern, study, prostitutes, criminals, doctors, important, family, hospital, etc.
5.- ¿Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
6.- ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.
This is about how the nursing born, how Jesus was one of the father of the medicine teaching that we need care of people´s sick, in the first and second war there they needed a lot of people for care of militaries, time of war that a significant development in nursing history. The modern era has seen the development of nursing degrees and nursing has numerous journals to broaden the knowledge base of the profession. Nurses are often in key management roles within health services and hold research posts at universities.
Scanning
Diana, Princess of Wales
She was a princess and a fashion icon. She was born on 1st July, 1961, in Sandringham. Her parents were rich. She wasn´t a good student at school but she was a good pianist. Her wedding was in St Paul´s Cathedral in London. Her husband was Prince Charles. Their life together was not happy.
1. Who was Diana?
She was the Princess of Wales
2. When was she born?
She was born on 1st July, 1961
3. Who was her husband?
Her husband was Prince Charles
4. Where was her wedding?
Her wedding was in St Paul´s Cathedral in London
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